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Atomic symbol: Na |
Atomic number: 11 |
Atomic weight: 22.98977 |
Atomic volume: 23.7 cm3/mol |
Density: 0.971 g/cm3 |
Period Number: 3 |
Group number: 1 |
Group name: Alkali Met. |
Element classification: Metal |
Phase at room temperature: Solid |
Melting Point: 371.01 K |
Boiling point: 1154.6 K |
Heat of fusion: 2.598 kJ/mol |
Heat of vaporization: 96.960 kJ/mol |
Ionization Energy: 5.139 eV |
1st ionization energy: 495.8 kJ/mole |
2nd ionization energy: 4562.4 kJ/mole |
3rd ionization energy: 6912.2 kJ/mole |
Electronegativity: 0.93 |
Electron affinity: 52.868 kJ/mole |
Specific heat: 1.23 J/gK |
Heat atomization: 109 kJ/mole atoms |
Shells: 2,8,1 |
Electron Shell Configuration: [Ne] 3s1 |
Minimum oxidation number: -1 |
Maximum oxidation number: 1 |
Minimum common oxidation number: 0 |
Maximum common oxidation no: 1 |
Appearance & Characteristics |
Structure:: bcc: body-centered cubic |
Color: silvery |
Hardness: 0.4 mohs |
Toxicity: ? |
Characteristics: soft |
Uses: lamps, table salt |
Reaction with air: vigorous, =>Na2O2 |
Reaction with 6M HCl: vigorous, =>H2, NaCl |
Reaction with 15M HNO3: vigorous, =>NaNO3, NOx |
Reaction with 6M NaOH: vigorous, =>H2, NaOH |
Number of isotopes: 1 |
Oxide(s): Na2O |
Hydride(s): NaH |
Chloride(s): NaCl |
Atomic Radius: 186 pm |
Ionic radius (1- ion): pm |
Ionic radius (1+ ion): 116 pm |
Ionic radius (2- ion): pm |
Ionic radius (2+ ion): pm |
Ionic radius (3+ ion): pm |
Thermal conductivity: 142 J/m-sec-deg |
Electrical conductivity: 209.6 1/mohm-cm |
Polarizability: 23.6 A^3 |
Source: Halite (misc) |
Relative abundance solar system: 4.759 log |
Abundance earth's crust: 4.4 log |
Estimated crustal abundance: 2.36×104 milligrams per kilogram |
Estimated oceanic abundance: 1.08×104 milligrams per liter |
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(English, soda; Medieval Latin, sodanum: a headache remedy) Long recognized in compounds, sodium was first isolated by Davy in 1807 by electrolysis of caustic soda. |
Sodium is present in fair abundance in the sun and stars. The D lines of sodium are among the most prominent in the solar spectrum. Sodium is the fourth most abundant element on earth, comprising about 2.6% of the earth's crust; it is the most abundant of the alkali group of metals.
It is now obtained commercially by the electrolysis of absolutely dry fused sodium chloride. This method is much cheaper than that of electrolyzing sodium hydroxide, as was used several years ago.
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Sodium, like every reactive element, is never found free in nature. Sodium is a soft, bright, silvery metal which floats on water. Decomposition in water results in the evolution of hydrogen and the formation of the hydroxide. It may or may not ignite spontaneously on water, depending on the amount of oxide and metal exposed to the water. It normally does not ignite in air at temperatures below 1150C. |
The most common compound is sodium chloride (table salt), but it occurs in many other minerals, such as soda niter, cryolite, amphibole, zeolite, etc.
Sodium compounds are important to the paper, glass, soap, textile, petroleum, chemical, and metal industries. Soap is generally a sodium salt of certain fatty acids. The importance of common salt to animal nutrition has been recognized since prehistoric times.
Among the many compounds that are of the greatest industrial importance are common salt (NaCl), soda ash (Na2CO3), baking soda (NaHCO3), caustic soda (NaOH), Chile saltpeter (NaNO3), di- and tri-sodium phosphates, sodium thiosulfate (hypo, Na2S2O3 . 5H2O), and borax (Na2B4O7 . 10H2O).
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Metallic sodium is vital in the manufacture of esters and in the preparation of organic compounds. The metal may be used to improve the structure of certain alloys, descale metal, and purify molten metals.
An alloy of sodium with potassium, NaK, is an important heat transfer agent.
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Thirteen isotopes of sodium are recognized. |
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SEKOM Handelsges.m.b.H.... |
Our company is a private firm founded in 1990 with aim to develop export and import with Russia. We do promote EU industrial and consumer goods in Russia and strongly support marketing of Russian and CIS industrial products and services.
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