Selenium

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Atomic symbol: Se

Atomic number: 34

Atomic weight: 78.96

Atomic volume: 16.45 cm³/mol

Density: 4.79 g/cm³

Period Number: 4

Group number: 16

Group name: Non-Metal, Chalcogen

Element classification: Non-metal

States

Phase at room temperature: Solid

Melting Point: 490.2 K

Boiling point: 958 K

Heat of fusion: 6.694 kJ/mol

Heat of vaporization: 37.70 kJ/mol

Energies

Ionization Energy: 9.752 eV

1st ionization energy: 940.9 kJ/mole

2nd ionization energy: 2044.5 kJ/mole

3rd ionization energy: 2973.7 kJ/mole

Electronegativity: 2.55

Electron affinity: 194.97 kJ/mole

Specific heat: 0.32 J/gK

Heat atomization: 227 kJ/mole atoms

Oxidation & Electrons

Shells: 2,8,18,6

Electron Shell Configuration: [Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p4

Minimum oxidation number: -2

Maximum oxidation number: 6

Minimum common oxidation number: -2

Maximum common oxidation no: 6

Appearance & Characteristics

Structure:: parallel chains

Color: black

Hardness: 2 mohs

Toxicity: yes

Characteristics: 6 forms

Uses: Xerography, medicines

Reactions

Reaction with air: vigorous, w/ht =>SeO₂

Reaction with 6M HCl: none

Reaction with 15M HNO3: mild, =>H₂SeO₃, NOx

Reaction with 6M NaOH: none

Other Forms

Number of isotopes: 6

Oxide(s): SeO₂ SeO₃

Hydride(s): SeH₂

Chloride(s): Se₂Cl₂ Se₄4Cl₁₆

Radius

Atomic Radius: 119 pm

Ionic radius (1- ion): pm

Ionic radius (1+ ion): pm

Ionic radius (2- ion): 184 pm

Ionic radius (2+ ion): pm

Ionic radius (3+ ion): pm

Conductivity

Thermal conductivity: 0.52 J/m-sec-deg

Electrical conductivity: 0 1/mohm-cm

Polarizability: 3.8 A^3

Abundance

Source: Cu smelting by-product

Relative abundance solar system: 1.793 log

Abundance earth's crust: -1.3 log

Estimated crustal abundance: 5×10^-2 milligrams per kilogram

Estimated oceanic abundance: 2×10^-4 milligrams per liter

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