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Atomic symbol: Sm |
Atomic number: 62 |
Atomic weight: 150.4 |
Atomic volume: 19.95 cm3/mol |
Density: 7.54 g/cm3 |
Period Number: 6 |
Group number: none |
Group name: Rare Earth, Lanthanides |
Element classification: Metal |
Phase at room temperature: Solid |
Melting Point: 1345.2 K |
Boiling point: 2073 K |
Heat of fusion: 8.630 kJ/mol |
Heat of vaporization: 166.40 kJ/mol |
Ionization Energy: 5.644 eV |
1st ionization energy: 543.3 kJ/mole |
2nd ionization energy: 1068 kJ/mole |
3rd ionization energy: 2260 kJ/mole |
Electronegativity: 1.17 |
Electron affinity: 50 kJ/mole |
Specific heat: 0.20 J/gK |
Heat atomization: 207 kJ/mole atoms |
Shells: 2,8,18,24,8,2 |
Electron Shell Configuration: [Xe] 4f6 6s2 |
Minimum oxidation number: 0 |
Maximum oxidation number: 3 |
Minimum common oxidation number: 0 |
Maximum common oxidation no: 3 |
Appearance & Characteristics |
Structure:: cp: cls pkd (ABCBCACAB) |
Color: silvery-white |
Hardness: mohs |
Toxicity: ? |
Characteristics: ? |
Uses: alloys, headphones |
Reaction with air: vigorous, =>Sm2O3 |
Reaction with 6M HCl: mild, =>H2, SmCl3 |
Reaction with 15M HNO3: mild, =>Sm(NO3)3 |
Reaction with 6M NaOH: ? |
Number of isotopes: ? |
Oxide(s): Sm2O3 |
Hydride(s): SmH2 SmH3 |
Chloride(s): SmCl2 SmCl3 |
Atomic Radius: 180 pm |
Ionic radius (1- ion): pm |
Ionic radius (1+ ion): pm |
Ionic radius (2- ion): pm |
Ionic radius (2+ ion): pm |
Ionic radius (3+ ion): 109.8 pm |
Thermal conductivity: 13.3 J/m-sec-deg |
Electrical conductivity: 11 1/mohm-cm |
Polarizability: 28.8 A^3 |
Source: Monazite(phosphate),bastnaesite |
Relative abundance solar system: -0.588 log |
Abundance earth's crust: 0.8 log |
Estimated crustal abundance: 7.05 milligrams per kilogram |
Estimated oceanic abundance: 4.5×10-7 milligrams per liter |
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(Samarskite, a mineral) Discovered spectroscopically by its sharp absorption lines in 1879 by Lecoq de Boisbaudran in the mineral samarskite, named in honor of a Russian mine official, Col. Samarski. |
Samarium is found along with other members of the rare-earth elements in many minerals, including monazite and bastnasite, which are commercial sources. It occurs in monazite to the extent of 2.8%. While misch metal containing about 1% of samarium metal, has long been used, samarium has not been isolated in relatively pure form until recently. Ion-exchange and solvent extraction techniques have recently simplified separation of the rare earths from one another; more recently, electrochemical deposition, using an electrolytic solution of lithium citrate and a mercury electrode, is said to be a simple, fast, and highly specific way to separate the rare earths. Samarium metal can be produced by reducing the oxide with lanthanum. |
Samarium has a bright silver luster and is reasonably stable in air. Three crystal modifications of the metal exist, with transformations at 734 and 9220C. The metal ignites in air at about 1500C. The sulfide has excellent high-temperature stability and good thermoelectric efficiencies up to 11000C. |
Samarium, along with other rare earths, is used for carbon-arc lighting for the motion picture industry. SmCo5 has been used in making a new permanent magnet material with the highest resistance to demagnetization of any known material. It is said to have an intrinsic coercive force as high as 2200 kA/m. Samarium oxide has been used in optical glass to absorb the infrared. Samarium is used to dope calcium fluoride crystal for use in optical lasers or lasers. Compounds of the metal act as sensitizers for phosphors excited in the infrared; the oxide exhibits catalytic properties in the dehydration and dehydrogenation of ethyl alcohol. It is used in infrared absorbing glass and as a neutron absorber in nuclear reactors. |
Twenty one isotopes of samarium exist. Natural samarium is a mixture of several isotopes, three of which are unstable with long half-lives. |
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SEKOM Handelsges.m.b.H.... |
Our company is a private firm founded in 1990 with aim to develop export and import with Russia. We do promote EU industrial and consumer goods in Russia and strongly support marketing of Russian and CIS industrial products and services.
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