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| Atomic symbol: Rn |
| Atomic number: 86 |
| Atomic weight: (222) |
| Atomic volume: 50.5 cm3/mol |
| Density: 0.00973 g/cm3 |
| Period Number: 6 |
| Group number: 18 |
| Group name: Noble Gas |
| Element classification: Non-metal |
| Phase at room temperature: Gas |
| Melting Point: 202.2 K |
| Boiling point: 211 K |
| Heat of fusion: 2.890 kJ/mol |
| Heat of vaporization: 16.40 kJ/mol |
| Ionization Energy: 10.745 eV |
| 1st ionization energy: 1037 kJ/mole |
| 2nd ionization energy: kJ/mole |
| 3rd ionization energy: kJ/mole |
| Electronegativity: ? |
| Electron affinity: kJ/mole |
| Specific heat: 0.09 J/gK |
| Heat atomization: 0 kJ/mole atoms |
| Shells: 2,8,18,32,18,8 |
| Electron Shell Configuration: [Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p6 |
| Minimum oxidation number: 0 |
| Maximum oxidation number: 0 |
| Minimum common oxidation number: 0 |
| Maximum common oxidation no: 0 |
Appearance & Characteristics |
| Structure:: ? |
| Color: colorless |
| Hardness: mohs |
| Toxicity: ? |
| Characteristics: Radioactive,air pollutant |
| Uses: earthquake prediction |
| Reaction with air: none |
| Reaction with 6M HCl: none |
| Reaction with 15M HNO3: none |
| Reaction with 6M NaOH: none |
| Number of isotopes: 0 |
| Oxide(s): ? |
| Hydride(s): ? |
| Chloride(s): ? |
| Atomic Radius: pm |
| Ionic radius (1- ion): pm |
| Ionic radius (1+ ion): pm |
| Ionic radius (2- ion): pm |
| Ionic radius (2+ ion): pm |
| Ionic radius (3+ ion): pm |
| Thermal conductivity: 0 J/m-sec-deg |
| Electrical conductivity: 0 1/mohm-cm |
| Polarizability: 5.3 A^3 |
| Source: Synthetic(Ra-226 decay) |
| Relative abundance solar system: log |
| Abundance earth's crust: -12.4 log |
| Estimated crustal abundance: 4×10-13 milligrams per kilogram |
| Estimated oceanic abundance: 6×10-16 milligrams per liter |
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| (From radium; called niton at first, L. nitens: shining) The element was discovered in 1900 by Dorn, who called it radium emanation. In 1908 Ramsay and Gray, who named it niton, isolated the element and determined its density, finding it to be the heaviest known gas. It is essentially inert and occupies the last place in the zero group of gases in the Periodic Table. Since 1923, it has been called radon. |
| On the average, one part of radon is present at 1 x 1021 part of air. At ordinary temperatures radon is a colorless gas; when cooled below the freezing point, radon exhibits a brilliant phosphorescence which becomes yellow as the temperature is lowered and orange-red at the temperature of liquid air. It has been reported that fluorine reacts with radon, forming a fluoride. Radon clathrates have also been reported. |
| Radon is still produced for therapeutic use by a few hospitals by pumping it from a radium source and sealing it in minute tubes, called seeds or needles, for application to patient. This practice has been largely discontinued as hospitals can get the seeds directly from suppliers, who make up the seeds with the desired activity for the day of use. |
| Twenty isotopes are known. Radon-22, from radium, has a half-life of 3.823 days and is an alpha emitter; Radon-220, emanating naturally from thorium and called thoron, has a half-life of 55.6 s and is also an alpha emitter. Radon-219 emanates from actinium and is called actinon. It has a half-life of 3.96 s and is also an alpha emitter. It is estimated that every square mile of soil to a depth of 6 inches contains about 1 g of radium, which releases radon in tiny amounts into the atmosphere. Radon is present in some spring waters, such as those at Hot Springs, Arkansas. |
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