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| Atomic symbol: Pd |
| Atomic number: 46 |
| Atomic weight: 106.4 8.9 cm3/mol |
| Atomic volume: 8.9 cm3/mol |
| Density: 12.02 g/cm3 |
| Period Number: 5 |
| Group number: 10 |
| Group name: Trans. Met. |
| Element classification: Metal |
| Phase at room temperature: Solid |
| Melting Point: 1827.2 K |
| Boiling point: 3213 K |
| Heat of fusion: 17.60 kJ/mol |
| Heat of vaporization: 357.0 kJ/mol |
| Ionization Energy: 8.337 eV |
| 1st ionization energy: 804.7 kJ/mole |
| 2nd ionization energy: 1894 kJ/mole |
| 3rd ionization energy: 3177.2 kJ/mole |
| Electronegativity: 2.2 |
| Electron affinity: 53.7 kJ/mole |
| Specific heat: 0.24 J/gK |
| Heat atomization: 378 kJ/mole atoms |
| Shells: 2,8,18,18 |
| Electron Shell Configuration: [Kr] 4d10 |
| Minimum oxidation number: 0 |
| Maximum oxidation number: 4 |
| Minimum common oxidation number: 0 |
| Maximum common oxidation no: 4 |
Appearance & Characteristics |
| Structure:: fcc: face-centered cubic |
| Color: silvery-white |
| Hardness: 4.8 mohs |
| Toxicity: ? |
| Characteristics: absorbs H2 |
| Uses: catalysts, dental crowns |
| Reaction with air: mild, w/ht, =>PdO |
| Reaction with 6M HCl: none |
| Reaction with 15M HNO3: mild, =>Pd(NO3)2 |
| Reaction with 6M NaOH: none |
| Number of isotopes: 6 |
| Oxide(s): PdO |
| Hydride(s): PdHx x<1 non-stoich |
| Chloride(s): PdCl2 |
| Atomic Radius: 137 pm |
| Ionic radius (1- ion): pm |
| Ionic radius (1+ ion): pm |
| Ionic radius (2- ion): pm |
| Ionic radius (2+ ion): 100 pm |
| Ionic radius (3+ ion): 90 pm |
| Thermal conductivity: 71.8 J/m-sec-deg |
| Electrical conductivity: 94.8 1/mohm-cm |
| Polarizability: 4.8 A^3 |
| Source: nickel ores (sulfides) |
| Relative abundance solar system: 0.143 log |
| Abundance earth's crust: -2 log |
| Estimated crustal abundance: 1.5×10-2 milligrams per kilogram |
| Estimated oceanic abundance: No Data Available |
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| Palladium was named after the asteroid Pallas, which was discovered at about the same time. Pallas was the Greek goddess of wisdom. |
| Discovered in 1803 by Wollaston, Palladium is found with platinum and other metals of the platinum group in placer deposits of Russia, South America, North America, Ethiopia, and Australia. It is also found associated with the nickel-copper deposits of South Africa and Ontario. Palladium's separation from the platinum metals depends upon the type of ore in which it is found. |
The element is a steel-white metal, it does not tarnish in air, and it is the least dense and lowest melting of the platinum group of metals. When annealed, it is soft and ductile; cold-working greatly increases its strength and hardness. Palladium is attacked by nitric and sulfuric acid.
At room temperatures, the metal has the unusual property of absorbing up to 900 times its own volume of hydrogen, possibly forming Pd2H. It is not yet clear if this is a true compound. Hydrogen readily diffuses through heated palladium, providing a means of purifying the gas.
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Finely divided palladium is a good catalyst and is used for hydrogenation and dehydrogenation reactions. It is alloyed and used in jewelry trades.
White gold is an alloy of gold decolorized by the addition of palladium. Like gold, palladium can be beaten into leaf as thin as 1/250,000 in. The metal is used in dentistry, watch making, and in making surgical instruments and electrical contacts.
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