Nitrogen

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Atomic symbol: N

Atomic number: 7

Atomic weight: 14.0067

Atomic volume: 17.3 cm³/mol

Density: 0.0012506 g/cm³

Period Number: 2

Group number: 15

Group name: Non-Metal

Element classification: Non-metal

States

Phase at room temperature: Gas

Melting Point: 63.34 K

Boiling point: 77.4 K

Heat of fusion: 0.3604 kJ/mol

Heat of vaporization: 2.7928 kJ/mol

Energies

Ionization Energy: 14.534 eV

1st ionization energy: 1402.3 kJ/mole

2nd ionization energy: 2856 kJ/mole

3rd ionization energy: 4578 kJ/mole

Electronegativity: 3.04

Electron affinity: -6.75 kJ/mole

Specific heat: 1.04 J/gK

Heat atomization: 473 kJ/mole atoms

Oxidation & Electrons

Shells: 2,5

Electron Shell Configuration: [He] 2s2 2p3

Minimum oxidation number: -3

Maximum oxidation number: 5

Minimum common oxidation number: -3

Maximum common oxidation no: 5

Appearance & Characteristics

Structure:: ?

Color: colorless

Hardness: mohs

Toxicity: no

Characteristics: diatomic(N₂)

Uses: fertilizer, cryogenics

Reactions

Reaction with air: none

Reaction with 6M HCl: none

Reaction with 15M HNO3: none

Reaction with 6M NaOH: none

Other Forms

Number of isotopes: 2

Oxide(s): N₂O NO NO₂ N₂O₂

Hydride(s): NH₂ N₂H₂ HN₂

Chloride(s): NCl₂

Radius

Atomic Radius: 70 pm

Ionic radius (1- ion): pm

Ionic radius (1+ ion): pm

Ionic radius (2- ion): pm

Ionic radius (2+ ion): pm

Ionic radius (3+ ion): 30 pm

Conductivity

Thermal conductivity: 0.03 J/m-sec-deg

Electrical conductivity: 0 1/mohm-cm

Polarizability: 1.1 A^3

Abundance

Source: Air

Relative abundance solar system: 6.496 log

Abundance earth's crust: 1.3 log

Estimated crustal abundance: 1.9×10¹ milligrams per kilogram

Estimated oceanic abundance: 5×10^-1 milligrams per liter

History

(L. nitrum, Gr. Nitron, native soda; and genes, forming) Nitrogen was discovered by chemist and physician Daniel Rutherford in 1772. He removed oxygen and carbon dioxide from air and showed that the residual gas would not support combustion or living organisms. At the same time there were other noted scientists working on the problem of nitrogen. These included Scheele, Cavendish, Priestley, and others. They called it ?burnt" or" dephlogisticated air,� which meant air without oxygen.

Sources

Nitrogen gas (N₂) makes up 78.1% of the Earth�s air, by volume. The atmosphere of Mars, by comparison, is only 2.6% nitrogen. From an exhaustible source in our atmosphere, nitrogen gas can be obtained by liquefaction and fractional distillation. Nitrogen is found in all living systems as part of the makeup of biological compounds.

Compounds

Sodium nitrate (NaNO₃) and potassium nitrate (KNO₃) are formed by the decomposition of organic matter with compounds of these metals present. In certain dry areas of the world these saltpeters are found in quantity and are used as fertilizers. Other inorganic nitrogen compounds are nitric acid (HNO₃), ammonia (NH₃), the oxides (NO, NO₂, N₂O₄, N₂O), cyanides (CN-), etc.

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