Neon

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Atomic symbol: Ne

Atomic number: 10

Atomic weight: 20.17

Atomic volume: 16.7 cm³/mol

Density: 0.0009 g/cm³

Period Number: 2

Group number: 18

Group name: Noble Gas

Element classification: Non-metal

States

Phase at room temperature: Gas

Melting Point: 24.53 K

Boiling point: 27.1 K

Heat of fusion: 0.3317 kJ/mol

Heat of vaporization: 1.7326 kJ/mol

Energies

Ionization Energy: 21.565 eV

1st ionization energy: 2080.6 kJ/mole

2nd ionization energy: 3952.2 kJ/mole

3rd ionization energy: 6121.9 kJ/mole

Electronegativity: ?

Electron affinity: kJ/mole

Specific heat: 0.904 J/gK

Heat atomization: 0 kJ/mole atoms

Oxidation & Electrons

Shells: 2,8

Electron Shell Configuration: [He] 2s2 2p6

Minimum oxidation number: 0

Maximum oxidation number: 0

Minimum common oxidation number: 0

Maximum common oxidation no: 0

Appearance & Characteristics

Structure:: fcc: face-centered cubic

Color: colorless

Hardness: mohs

Toxicity: no

Characteristics: Inert, dens

Uses: Neon signs

Reactions

Reaction with air: none

Reaction with 6M HCl: none

Reaction with 15M HNO3: none

Reaction with 6M NaOH: none

Other Forms

Number of isotopes: 3

Oxide(s): none

Hydride(s): none

Chloride(s): none

Radius

Atomic Radius: 71 pm

Ionic radius (1- ion): pm

Ionic radius (1+ ion): pm

Ionic radius (2- ion): pm

Ionic radius (2+ ion): pm

Ionic radius (3+ ion): pm

Conductivity

Thermal conductivity: 0.05 J/m-sec-deg

Electrical conductivity: 0 1/mohm-cm

Polarizability: 0.396 A^3

Abundance

Source: Air

Relative abundance solar system: 6.537 log

Abundance earth's crust: -2.3 log

Estimated crustal abundance: 5×10^-3 milligrams per kilogram

Estimated oceanic abundance: 1.2×10^-4 milligrams per liter

History

(Gr. neos: new) Discovered by Ramsay and Travers in 1898. Neon is a rare gaseous element present in the atmosphere to the extent of 1 part in 65,000 of air. It is obtained by liquefaction of air and separated from the other gases by fractional distillation.

Properties

In a vacuum discharge tube, neon glows reddish orange.

It has over 40 times more refrigerating capacity per unit volume than liquid helium and more than three times that of liquid hydrogen. It is compact, inert, and is less expensive than helium when it meets refrigeration requirements.

Of all the rare gases, the discharge of neon is the most intense at ordinary voltages and currents.

Compounds

Neon is a very inert element, however, it has been reported to form a compound with fluorine. It is still questionable if true compounds of neon exist, but evidence is mounting in favor of their existence. The ions, Ne+, (NeAr)+, (NeH)+, and (HeNe+) are known from optical and mass spectrometric studies. Neon also forms an unstable hydrate.

Uses

Although neon advertising signs account for the bulk of its use, neon also functions in high-voltage indicators, lightning arrestors, wave meter tubes, and TV tubes. Neon and helium are used in making gas lasers. Liquid neon is now commercially available and is finding important application as an economical cryogenic refrigerant.

Isotopes

Natural neon is a mixture of three isotopes. Six other unstable isotopes are known.

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