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| Atomic symbol: In |
| Atomic number: 49 |
| Atomic weight: 114.82 |
| Atomic volume: 15.7 cm3/mol |
| Density: 7.31 g/cm3 |
| Period Number: 5 |
| Group number: 13 |
| Group name: Metal |
| Element classification: Metal |
| Phase at room temperature: Solid |
| Melting Point: 429.81 K |
| Boiling point: 2353 K |
| Heat of fusion: 3.263 kJ/mol |
| Heat of vaporization: 231.50 kJ/mol |
| Ionization Energy: 5.786 eV |
| 1st ionization energy: 558.3 kJ/mole |
| 2nd ionization energy: 1820.6 kJ/mole |
| 3rd ionization energy: 2704.5 kJ/mole |
| Electronegativity: 1.78 |
| Electron affinity: 30 kJ/mole |
| Specific heat: 0.23 J/gK |
| Heat atomization: 243 kJ/mole atoms |
| Shells: 2,8,18,18,3 |
| Electron Shell Configuration: [Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p1 |
| Minimum oxidation number: 0 |
| Maximum oxidation number: 3 |
| Minimum common oxidation number: 0 |
| Maximum common oxidation no: 3 |
Appearance & Characteristics |
| Structure:: distorted fcc structure |
| Color: silvery-white |
| Hardness: 1.2 mohs |
| Toxicity: ? |
| Characteristics: soft |
| Uses: transistors, photocells |
| Reaction with air: mild, =>In2O3 |
| Reaction with 6M HCl: mild, =>H2, InCl3 |
| Reaction with 15M HNO3: mild, =>In(NO3)3 |
| Reaction with 6M NaOH: none |
| Number of isotopes: 2 |
| Oxide(s): In2O3 |
| Hydride(s): ? |
| Chloride(s): InCl InCl3 |
| Atomic Radius: 167 pm |
| Ionic radius (1- ion): pm |
| Ionic radius (1+ ion): pm |
| Ionic radius (2- ion): pm |
| Ionic radius (2+ ion): pm |
| Ionic radius (3+ ion): 94 pm |
| Thermal conductivity: 81.8 J/m-sec-deg |
| Electrical conductivity: 119.474 1/mohm-cm |
| Polarizability: 9.7 A^3 |
| Source: Zn/Pb smelting by-product |
| Relative abundance solar system: -0.735 log |
| Abundance earth's crust: -1 log |
| Estimated crustal abundance: 2.5×10-1 milligrams per kilogram |
| Estimated oceanic abundance: 2×10-2 milligrams per liter |
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| (from the brilliant indigo line in its spectrum) Discovered by Reich and Richter, who later isolated the metal. Until 1924, a gram or so constituted the world's supply of this element in isolated form. It is probably about as abundant as silver. About 4 million troy ounces of indium are now produced annually in the Free World. Canada is presently producing more than 1,000,000 troy ounces annually. |
| Indium is most frequently associated with zinc materials, and it is from these that most commercial indium is now obtained; however, it is also found in iron, lead, and copper ores. |
| Indium is available in ultra pure form. Indium is a very soft, silvery-white metal with a brilliant luster. The pure metal gives a high-pitched "cry" when bent. It wets glass, as does gallium. |
| It has found application in making low-melting allows; an allow of 24% indium - 76% gallium is liquid at room temperature. It is used in making bearing alloys, germanium transistors, rectifiers, thermistors, and photoconductors. It can be plated onto metal and evaporated onto glass, forming a mirror as good as that made with silver but with more resistance to atmospheric corrosion. |
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