|
Atomic symbol: Bi |
Atomic number: 83 |
Atomic weight: 208.9804 |
Atomic volume: 21.3 cm3/mol |
Density: 9.8 g/cm3 |
Period Number: 6 |
Group number: 15 |
Group name: Metal, Nitrogen group |
Element classification: Metal |
Phase at room temperature: Solid |
Melting Point: 544.5 K |
Boiling point: 1837 K |
Heat of fusion: 11.30 kJ/mol |
Heat of vaporization: 104.80 kJ/mol |
Ionization Energy: 7.289 eV |
1st ionization energy: 703.3 kJ/mole |
2nd ionization energy: 1610 kJ/mole |
3rd ionization energy: 2466 kJ/mole |
Electronegativity: 2.02 |
Electron affinity: 91.3 kJ/mole |
Specific heat: 0.12 J/gK |
Heat atomization: 207 kJ/mole atoms |
Shells: 2,8,18,32,18,5 |
Electron Shell Configuration: [Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p3 |
Minimum oxidation number: -3 |
Maximum oxidation number: 5 |
Minimum common oxidation number: 0 |
Maximum common oxidation no: 3 |
Appearance & Characteristics |
Structure:: rhombohedral |
Color: white |
Hardness: 2.5 mohs |
Toxicity: ? |
Characteristics: brittle |
Uses: antacid, fusible alloy |
Reaction with air: mild, w/ht =>Bi2O3 |
Reaction with 6M HCl: none |
Reaction with 15M HNO3: mild, =>Bi(NO3)3, NOx |
Reaction with 6M NaOH: ? |
Number of isotopes: 1 |
Oxide(s): Bi2O3 |
Hydride(s): BiH3 |
Chloride(s): BiCl3 BiCl4 |
Atomic Radius: 150 pm |
Ionic radius (1- ion): pm |
Ionic radius (1+ ion): pm |
Ionic radius (2- ion): pm |
Ionic radius (2+ ion): pm |
Ionic radius (3+ ion): 117 pm |
Thermal conductivity: 7.92 J/m-sec-deg |
Electrical conductivity: 9.363 1/mohm-cm |
Polarizability: 7.4 A^3 |
Source: Pb smelting by-product |
Relative abundance solar system: -0.842 log |
Abundance earth's crust: -0.8 log |
Estimated crustal abundance: 8.5×10-3 milligrams per kilogram |
Estimated oceanic abundance: 2×10-5 milligrams per liter |
|
|
|
(Ger. Weisse Masse, white mass; later Wisuth and Bisemutum) In early times bismuth was confused with tin and lead. Claude Geoffroy the Younger showed it to be distinct from lead in 1753. |
The most important ores are bismuthinite or bismuth glance and bismite. Peru, Japan, Mexico, Bolivia, and Canada are major bismuth producers. Much of the bismuth produced in the U.S. is obtained as a by-product in refining lead, copper, tin, silver, and gold ores. |
It is a white, crystalline, brittle metal with a pinkish tinge. It occurs in a native state. Bismuth is the most diamagnetic of all metals, and the thermal conductivity is lower than any metal, except mercury. It has a high electrical resistance, and has the highest Hall effect of any metal (i.e., greatest increase in electrical resistance when placed in a magnetic field). |
"Bismanol" is a permanent magnet of high coercive force, made of MnBi, by the U.S. Naval Surface Weapons Center. Bismuth expands 3.32% on solidification. This property makes bismuth alloys particularly suited to the making of sharp castings of objects subject to damage by high temperatures. With other metals such as tin, cadmium, etc., bismuth forms low-melting alloys which are extensively used for safety devices in fire detection and extinguishing systems. Bismuth is used in producing malleable irons and is finding use as a catalyst for making acrylic fibers. When bismuth is heated in air it burns with a blue flame, forming yellow fumes of the oxide. The metal is also used as a thermocoupling material, and has found application as a carrier for 235U or 233U fuel in nuclear reactors. Its soluble salts are characterized by forming unsoluble basic salts on the addition of water, a property sometimes used in detection work. Bismuth oxychloride is used extensively in cosmetics. Bismuth subnitrate and subcarbonate are used in medicine. |
|
Would you like to contact senior executives directly? Join our network on OurMetals.com
It's free and only takes 2 minutes to register. |
|
|
|
Company |
SEKOM Handelsges.m.b.H.... |
Our company is a private firm founded in 1990 with aim to develop export and import with Russia. We do promote EU industrial and consumer goods in Russia and strongly support marketing of Russian and CIS industrial products and services.
|
0 selling
&
0 buying
leads |
|
Friendly links
|
|