|
Atomic symbol: Be |
Atomic number: 4 |
Atomic weight: 9.01218 |
Atomic volume: 5.0 cm3/mol |
Density: 1.848 g/cm3 |
Period Number: 2 |
Group number: 2 |
Group name: Alkali Earth |
Element classification: Metal |
Phase at room temperature: Solid |
Melting Point: 1551.2 K |
Boiling point: 2773 K |
Heat of fusion: 12.20 kJ/mol |
Heat of vaporization: 292.40 kJ/mol |
Ionization Energy: 9.323 eV |
1st ionization energy: 899.4 kJ/mole |
2nd ionization energy: 1757.1 kJ/mole |
3rd ionization energy: 14848.3 kJ/mole |
Electronegativity: 1.57 |
Electron affinity: kJ/mole |
Specific heat: 1.82 J/gK |
Heat atomization: 324 kJ/mole atoms |
Shells: 2,2 |
Electron Shell Configuration: [He] 2s2 |
Minimum oxidation number: 0 |
Maximum oxidation number: 2 |
Minimum common oxidation number: 0 |
Maximum common oxidation no: 2 |
Appearance & Characteristics |
Structure:: hcp: hexagonal close pkd |
Color: steel gray |
Hardness: mohs |
Toxicity: yes |
Characteristics: toxic |
Uses: Cu alloys, X-ray windows |
Reaction with air: vigorous, w/ht=>BeO,Be3N2 |
Reaction with 6M HCl: mild, =>H2 |
Reaction with 15M HNO3: none |
Reaction with 6M NaOH: mild, =>H2, [Be(OH)4](2-) |
Number of isotopes: 1 |
Oxide(s): BeO |
Hydride(s): BeH2 |
Chloride(s): BeCl2 |
Atomic Radius: 112 pm |
Ionic radius (1- ion): pm |
Ionic radius (1+ ion): pm |
Ionic radius (2- ion): pm |
Ionic radius (2+ ion): 59 pm |
Ionic radius (3+ ion): pm |
Thermal conductivity: 201 J/m-sec-deg |
Electrical conductivity: 250 1/mohm-cm |
Polarizability: 5.6 A^3 |
Source: Beryl (silicate) |
Relative abundance solar system: -0.137 log |
Abundance earth's crust: 0.4 log |
Estimated crustal abundance: 2.8 milligrams per kilogram |
Estimated oceanic abundance: 5.6×10-6 milligrams per liter |
|
|
|
(Gr. beryllos: beryl; also called Glucinium or Glucinum, Gr. glykys: sweet) Discovered in the oxide form by Vauquelin in both beryl and emeralds in 1798. The metal was isolated in 1828 by Wohler and by Bussy independently by the action of potassium on beryllium chloride. |
Beryllium is found in some 30 mineral species, the most important of which are bertrandite, beryl, chrysoberyl, and phenacite. Aquamarine and emerald are precious forms of beryl. Beryl and bertrandite are the most important commercial sources of the element and its compounds. Most of the metal is now prepared by reducing beryllium fluoride with magnesium metal. Beryllium metal did not become readily available to industry until 1957. |
The metal, steel gray in color, has many desirable properties. As one of the lightest of all metals, it has one of the highest melting points of the light metals. Its modulus of elasticity is about one third greater than that of steel. It resists attack by concentrated nitric acid, has excellent thermal conductivity, and is nonmagnetic. It has a high permeability to X-rays and when bombarded by alpha particles, as from radium or polonium, neutrons are produced in the amount of about 30 neutrons/million alpha particles.
At ordinary temperatures, beryllium resists oxidation in air, although its ability to scratch glass is probably due to the formation of a thin layer of the oxide.
|
Beryllium is used as an alloying agent in producing beryllium copper, which is extensively used for springs, electrical contacts, spot-welding electrodes, and non-sparking tools. It is applied as a structural material for high-speed aircraft, missiles, spacecraft, and communication satellites. Other uses include windshield frame, brake discs, support beams, and other structural components of the space shuttle.
Because beryllium is relatively transparent to X-rays, ultra-thin Be-foil is finding use in X-ray lithography for reproduction of micro-miniature integrated circuits.
Beryllium is used in nuclear reactors as a reflector or moderator for it has a low thermal neutron absorption cross section.
It is used in gyroscopes, computer parts, and instruments where lightness, stiffness, and dimensional stability are required. The oxide has a very high melting point and is also used in nuclear work and ceramic applications.
|
|
Would you like to contact senior executives directly? Join our network on OurMetals.com
It's free and only takes 2 minutes to register. |
|
|
|
Company |
SEKOM Handelsges.m.b.H.... |
Our company is a private firm founded in 1990 with aim to develop export and import with Russia. We do promote EU industrial and consumer goods in Russia and strongly support marketing of Russian and CIS industrial products and services.
|
0 selling
&
0 buying
leads |
|
Friendly links
|
|