Berkelium

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Atomic symbol: Bk

Atomic number: 97

Atomic weight: (247)

Atomic volume: ?

Density: ?

Period Number: 7

Group number: none

Group name: Rare Earth, Actinides

Element classification: Metal

States

Phase at room temperature: Solid

Melting Point: 1259.2 K

Boiling point: K

Heat of fusion: ?

Heat of vaporization: ?

Energies

Ionization Energy: 6.23 eV

1st ionization energy: 601 kJ/mole

2nd ionization energy: kJ/mole

3rd ionization energy: kJ/mole

Electronegativity: 1.3

Electron affinity: kJ/mole

Specific heat: ?

Heat atomization: kJ/mole atoms

Oxidation & Electrons

Shells: 2,8,18,32,26,9,2

Electron Shell Configuration: [Rn] 5f9 7s2

Minimum oxidation number: 0

Maximum oxidation number: 4

Minimum common oxidation number: 0

Maximum common oxidation no: 3

Appearance & Characteristics

Structure:: fcc: face-centered cubic

Color: silvery

Hardness: mohs

Toxicity: ?

Characteristics: Radioactive

Uses: ?

Reactions

Reaction with air: ?

Reaction with 6M HCl: ?

Reaction with 15M HNO3: ?

Reaction with 6M NaOH: ?

Other Forms

Number of isotopes: 0

Oxide(s): BkO Bk₂O₃ BkO₂

Hydride(s): ?

Chloride(s): BkCl₃

Radius

Atomic Radius: 170 pm

Ionic radius (1- ion): pm

Ionic radius (1+ ion): pm

Ionic radius (2- ion): pm

Ionic radius (2+ ion): pm

Ionic radius (3+ ion): 110 pm

Conductivity

Thermal conductivity: J/m-sec-deg

Electrical conductivity: 1/mohm-cm

Polarizability: 22.7 A^3

Abundance

Source: Synthetic

Relative abundance solar system: log

Abundance earth's crust: log

Estimated crustal abundance: Not Applicable

Estimated oceanic abundance: Not Applicable

History

(Berkeley, home of the University of California) Berkelium, the eighth member of the actinide transition series, was discovered in December 1949 by Thompson, Ghiorso, and Seaborg, and was the fifth transuranium element synthesized. It was produced by cyclotron bombardment of milligram amounts of ²⁴¹Am with helium ions at Berkeley, California. The first isotope produced had a mass of 243 and decayed with a half-life of 4.5 hours. Ten isotopes are now known and have been synthesized. The evidence of ²⁴⁹Bk with a half-life of 314 days, makes it feasible to isolate berkelium in weighable amounts so that its properties can be investigated with macroscopic quantities. One of the first visible amounts of a pure berkelium compound, berkelium chloride, was produced in 1962. It weighed 1 billionth of a gram. Berkelium probably has not yet been prepared in elemental form, but is expected to be a silvery metal, easily soluble in dilute mineral acids, and readily oxidized by air or oxygen at elevated temperatures to form the oxide. X-ray diffraction methods have been used to identify various compounds. As with other actinide elements, berkelium tends to accumulate in the skeletal system. Because of its rarity, berkelium presently has no commercial or technological use.

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