Argon

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Atomic symbol: Ar

Atomic number: 18

Atomic weight: 39.948

Atomic volume: 28.5 cm³/mol

Density: 0.0017824 g/cm³

Period Number: 3

Group number: 18

Group name: Noble Gas

Element classification: Non-metal

States

Phase at room temperature: Gas

Melting Point: 84 K

Boiling point: 87.3 K

Heat of fusion: 1.188 kJ/mol

Heat of vaporization: 6.447 kJ/mol

Energies

Ionization Energy: 15.760 eV

1st ionization energy: 1520.5 kJ/mole

2nd ionization energy: 2665.8 kJ/mole

3rd ionization energy: 3930.8 kJ/mole

Electronegativity: ?

Electron affinity: kJ/mole

Specific heat: 0.520 J/gK

Heat atomization: 0 kJ/mole atoms

Oxidation & Electrons

Shells: 2,8,8

Electron Shell Configuration: [Ne] 3s2 3p6

Minimum oxidation number: 0

Maximum oxidation number: 0

Minimum common oxidation number: 0

Maximum common oxidation no: 0

Appearance & Characteristics

Structure:: fcc: face-centered cubic

Color: colorless

Hardness: mohs

Toxicity: no

Characteristics: Inert

Uses: lasers, light bulbs

Reactions

Reaction with air: none

Reaction with 6M HCl: none

Reaction with 15M HNO3: none

Reaction with 6M NaOH: none

Other Forms

Number of isotopes: 3

Oxide(s): none

Hydride(s): none

Chloride(s): none

Radius

Atomic Radius: 98 pm

Ionic radius (1- ion): pm

Ionic radius (1+ ion): pm

Ionic radius (2- ion): pm

Ionic radius (2+ ion): pm

Ionic radius (3+ ion): pm

Conductivity

Thermal conductivity: 0.02 J/m-sec-deg

Electrical conductivity: 0 1/mohm-cm

Polarizability: 1.586 A^3

Abundance

Source: Air

Relative abundance solar system: 5.004 log

Abundance earth's crust: 0.5 log

Estimated crustal abundance: 3.5 milligrams per kilogram

Estimated oceanic abundance: 4.5×10^-1 milligrams per liter

History

(Gr. argos, inactive) Its presence in air was suspected by Cavendish in 1785, discovered by Lord Raleigh and Sir William Ramsay in 1894.

Sources

The gas is prepared by fractionation of liquid air because the atmosphere contains 0.94% argon. The atmosphere of Mars contains 1.6% of ⁴⁰Ar and 5 p.p.m. of ³⁶Ar.

Properties

Argon is two and one half times as soluble in water as nitrogen, having about the same solubility as oxygen. Argon is colorless and odorless, both as a gas and liquid. Argon is considered to be a very inert gas and is not known to form true chemical compounds, as do krypton, xenon, and radon.

Uses

It is used in electric light bulbs and in fluorescent tubes at a pressure of about 400 Pa. and in filling photo tubes, glow tubes, etc. Argon is also used as an inert gas shield for arc welding and cutting, as blanket for the production of titanium and other reactive elements, and as a protective atmosphere for growing silicon and germanium crystals.

Isotopes

Naturally occurring argon is a mixture of three isotopes. Twelve other radioactive isotopes are known to exist.

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